![]() ![]() In other words, the determiner and the adjective agree in gender with the noun they accompany. In (1a), the form of the determiner is “ la” and of the adjective is “ roj a” because “televisión” is a feminine noun. Examples (1a) and (1b) from Spanish illustrate this: One such type of evidence is gender agreement ( Corbett, 1991). Linguists agree that a language is said to have a grammatical gender system if there is evidence for gender outside the nouns themselves. Simply put, it refers to “classes of nouns reflected in the behavior of associated words” ( Hockett, 1958, p. 231 see also Comrie, 1999). Grammatical gender is a widespread feature in many of the world languages. Of relevance for the work presented here, studies examining grammatical gender provide evidence that information at one point in a sentence is used to anticipate other information downstream. Linguistic factors have long been known to modulate word identification. ![]() We discuss the implications of the findings for the design of future gender processing studies and, more broadly, for our understanding of the potential differences in the processing reflexes of grammatical gender classes within and across languages. ![]() Specifically, we examine distributional asymmetries between masculine and feminine grammatical gender, the resulting biases in gender assignment, and the consequences of these assignment strategies on gender expectancy and processing. The present work reviews linguistic, psycholinguistic, and neurolinguistic research on grammatical gender from different methodologies and across different profiles of Spanish speakers. Research on grammatical gender processing has generally assumed that grammatical gender can be treated as a uniform construct, resulting in a body of literature in which different gender classes are collapsed into single analysis. 2Department of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.1Center for Language Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States. ![]()
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